LinuxコマンドラインからHDDのsetmaxを解除する
だいぶ前に試せずに終わったので、リトライする。
HDDのsetmaxを解除する
http://d.hatena.ne.jp/kinneko/20151201/p76
テスト環境は、不本意ながら、CentOS7。
見た目は、1TBのドライブ。
# fdisk -l /dev/sda Disk /dev/sda: 1000.2 GB, 1000204886016 bytes, 1953525168 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes Disk label type: dos Disk identifier: 0x00000000 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 2048 419839 208896 83 Linux /dev/sda2 419840 1241087 410624 83 Linux /dev/sda3 1241088 3338239 1048576 82 Linux swap / Solaris /dev/sda4 3338240 1953523711 975092736 5 Extended /dev/sda5 3340288 4401151 530432 83 Linux /dev/sda6 4403200 1953523711 974560256 83 Linux
実際は2TBのドライブがsetmaxされて1GBに見えている。
中身の構成は、某NASのドライブの１つのようだね。
# hdparm -N /dev/sda /dev/sda: max sectors = 1953525168/3907029168, HPA is enabled
# hdparm -N -p3907029168 /dev/sda /dev/sda: attempting to set PIO mode to -387938128 HDIO_SET_PIO_MODE failed: Inappropriate ioctl for device max sectors = 1953525168/3907029168, HPA is enabled
ん？ -pだとPIO強制モード指定だから、オプション間違ってる？
コマンドのヘルプには詳しいことは書いてないな。
-N Get/set max visible number of sectors (HPA) (VERY DANGEROUS)
直接数字指定して出来そうな感じ。
# hdparm -N 3907029168 /dev/sda /dev/sda: setting max visible sectors to 3907029168 (temporary) max sectors = 3907029168/3907029168, HPA is disabled
# hdparm -N /dev/sda /dev/sda: max sectors = 3907029168/3907029168, HPA is disabled
直後はfdiskの中身は変わっていない。
# fdisk -l /dev/sda Disk /dev/sda: 1000.2 GB, 1000204886016 bytes, 1953525168 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes Disk label type: dos Disk identifier: 0x00000000 (snip)
SATAでの再認識が面倒なので、rebootするのが楽だけど、今回はコマンドで取り外し。
# cat /sys/class/scsi_device/2\:0\:0\:0/device/model WDC WD20EARX-00P # echo 1 > /sys/class/scsi_device/2\:0\:0\:0/device/delete
ドライブを挿し直す。
dmesgで認識を確認。
[ 6018.835467] ata3.00: HPA detected: current 1953525168, native 3907029168 [ 6018.835570] ata3.00: ATA-8: WDC WD20EARX-00PASB0, 51.0AB51, max UDMA/133 [ 6018.835580] ata3.00: 1953525168 sectors, multi 0: LBA48 NCQ (depth 31/32), AA [ 6018.843671] ata3.00: configured for UDMA/133 [ 6018.843691] ata3: EH complete [ 6018.843932] scsi 2:0:0:0: Direct-Access ATA WDC WD20EARX-00P AB51 PQ: 0 ANSI: 5 [ 6018.846720] sd 2:0:0:0: [sda] 1953525168 512-byte logical blocks: (1.00 TB/931 GiB) [ 6018.846734] sd 2:0:0:0: [sda] 4096-byte physical blocks [ 6018.846926] sd 2:0:0:0: Attached scsi generic sg0 type 0 [ 6018.847441] sd 2:0:0:0: [sda] Write Protect is off [ 6018.847459] sd 2:0:0:0: [sda] Mode Sense: 00 3a 00 00 [ 6018.847591] sd 2:0:0:0: [sda] Write cache: enabled, read cache: enabled, doesn't support DPO or FUA [ 6018.894591] sda: sda1 sda2 sda3 sda4 < sda5 sda6 > [ 6018.896531] sd 2:0:0:0: [sda] Attached SCSI disk
書き換わってないな。
# fdisk -l /dev/sda Disk /dev/sda: 1000.2 GB, 1000204886016 bytes, 1953525168 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes Disk label type: dos Disk identifier: 0x00000000
# hdparm -N /dev/sda /dev/sda: max sectors = 1953525168/3907029168, HPA is enabled
戻ってるし。
なんか書き込みコマンドがあるのかな？
# hdparm -N 3907029168 /dev/sda /dev/sda: setting max visible sectors to 3907029168 (temporary) max sectors = 3907029168/3907029168, HPA is disabled
# hdparm -V hdparm v9.43
しょうがないのでmanを見る。
-N Get/set max visible number of sectors, also known as the Host
Protected Area setting. Without a parameter, -N displays the
current setting, which is reported as two values: the first
gives the current max sectors setting, and the second shows the
native (real) hardware limit for the disk. The difference
between these two values indicates how many sectors of the disk
are currently hidden from the operating system, in the form of a
Host Protected Area (HPA). This area is often used by computer
makers to hold diagnostic software, and/or a copy of the
originally provided operating system for recovery purposes.
Another possible use is to hide the true capacity of a very
large disk from a BIOS/system that cannot normally cope with
drives of that size (eg. most current {2010} BIOSs cannot deal
with drives larger than 2TB, so an HPA could be used to cause a
3TB drive to report itself as a 2TB drive). To change the
current max (VERY DANGEROUS, DATA LOSS IS EXTREMELY LIKELY), a
new value should be provided (in base10) immediately following
the -N option. This value is specified as a count of sectors,
rather than the "max sector address" of the drive. Drives have
the concept of a temporary (volatile) setting which is lost on
the next hardware reset, as well as a more permanent (non-
volatile) value which survives resets and power cycles. By
default, -N affects only the temporary (volatile) setting. To
change the permanent (non-volatile) value, prepend a leading p
character immediately before the first digit of the value.
Drives are supposed to allow only a single permanent change per
session. A hardware reset (or power cycle) is required before
another permanent -N operation can succeed. Note that any
attempt to set this value may fail if the disk is being accessed
by other software at the same time. This is because setting the
value requires a pair of back-to-back drive commands, but there
is no way to prevent some other command from being inserted
between them by the kernel. So if it fails initially, just try
again. Kernel support for -N is buggy for many adapter types
across many kernel versions, in that an incorrect (too small)
max size value is sometimes reported. As of the 2.6.27 kernel,
this does finally seem to be working on most hardware.
p付けないと、一時的な変更になるって書いてあるわ。
# hdparm -N p3907029168 /dev/sda /dev/sda: setting max visible sectors to 3907029168 (permanent) max sectors = 3907029168/3907029168, HPA is disabled
外して挿し直し。
# echo 1 > /sys/class/scsi_device/2\:0\:0\:0/device/delete (挿し直し) # cat /sys/class/scsi_device/2\:0\:0\:0/device/model WDC WD20EARX-00P
# hdparm -N /dev/sda /dev/sda: max sectors = 3907029168/3907029168, HPA is disabled
# fdisk -l /dev/sda Disk /dev/sda: 2000.4 GB, 2000398934016 bytes, 3907029168 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes Disk label type: dos Disk identifier: 0x00000000
書き換わっている。
